Reconstructed by Academy of Episteme.īased on earlier Babylonian/Mesopotamian modelsĬombination of the Babylonian calendar, ancient Macedonian (Hellenic) month names and the Seleucid era. It was introduced by the astronomer Meton in 432 BC. The year begins with the new moon after the summer solstice. The Inuit calendar is based on between six and eight seasons as solar and lunar timekeeping methods do not work in the polar regions. The original year followed the various moons throughout the year. The Nisga’a calendar revolves around harvesting of foods and goods used. Six classical (Zhou era) calendars: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Xia, Yin, Zhou's calendar and Lu. The years are divided into monthly or bi-monthly periods and attributes to each a duty such as harvest, planting, or tending specific crops.īased on the reforms introduced by Numa Pompilius in c. The start and middle of each season is the key node of the year. The years is divided into four seasons, and each season is divided into a festival and three months. Recorded in Neo-Sumerian records (21st century BC), presumably based on older ( Ur III) sources.Ī Bronze Age calendar in which the year is divided into seven periods of fifty days, with an annual supplement of fifteen or sixteen days for synchronisation with the solar year. The heliacal rising of Sothis returned to the same point in the calendar every 1,460 years (a period called the Sothic cycle). The year is based on the heliacal rising of Sirius (Sothis) and divided into the three seasons of akhet (Inundation), peret (Growth) and shemu (Harvest). It is used to determine the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits (dates that commemorate the death of a relative), daily Psalm readings, and many other holidays, festivals and ceremonial uses. It is based on lunar months with the intercalation of an additional month every 2 to 3 years to bring the cycle closer to the solar cycle. For example, the Thai solar calendar (introduced 1888) is the Gregorian calendar using a different epoch (543 BC) and different names for the Gregorian months (Thai names based on the signs of the zodiac). Some calendars listed are identical to the Gregorian calendar except for substituting regional month names or using a different calendar epoch.
The Islamic and some Buddhist calendars are lunar, while most modern calendars are solar, based on either the Julian or the Gregorian calendars. The seasonal calendars rely on changes in the environment (e.g., "wet season", "dry season") rather than lunar or solar observations. Where appropriate, the regional or historical group ( Jewish calendar, Hijri calendar, Sikh, Mayan, Aztecan, Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Iranian, Hindu, Buddhist, Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican, Hellenic, Julian or Gregorian-derived) is noted.Ĭalendars fall into four types: lunisolar, solar, lunar and seasonal. In the list below, specific calendars are given, listed by calendar type ( solar, lunisolar or lunar), time of introduction (if known), and the context of use and cultural or historical grouping (if applicable). Many modern calendar proposals, including the Gregorian calendar introduced in 1582 AD, contains modifications from that of the Julian calendar. In Classical Antiquity, the Hellenic calendars inspired the Roman calendar, including the solar Julian calendar introduced in 45 BC.
Islamic calendar date 2015 series#
These are not specific calendars but series of historical calendars undergoing reforms or regional diversification. Historical calendars are often grouped into larger categories by cultural sphere or historical period thus O'Neil (1976) distinguishes the groupings Egyptian calendars (Ancient Egypt), Babylonian calendars (Ancient Mesopotamia), Indian calendars (Hindu and Buddhist traditions of the Indian subcontinent), Chinese calendars and Mesoamerican calendars. Included are historical calendars as well as proposed ones.
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